Isaiah 40-55: Timeline of Characters and Events 587-586 BCE – Jerusalem, the southern capital of Judah falls to the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, who had deposed king Jeconiah [Jehoiachin] and enthroned the puppet Zedekiah a decade earlier. 556 BCE – Nabonidus ascends to the Babylonian throne. He tries to exalt his personal god (the Aramaic tribal god, Nabu/ Sîn, symbolized by a crescent moon) to the head of the Babylonian pantheon over Marduk. 552-543/2 – After a revolt by the priests of Marduk, Nabonidus lives in self-imposed exile in the desert at Tema (Tayma), leaving his son BÄ“l-Å¡ar-uá¹£ur (Belshazzar) in charge as a kind of co-regent in the city of Babylon. Nabonidus eventually returns to Babylon and redoubles his efforts to establish the worship of Nabu/Sîn, rebuilding and rededicating a temple to the god in Harran. 550 BCE – Cyrus (the Great) of Persis defeats the Medes and establishes the Achaemenid (Persian) empire. 540 BCE – Cyrus begins the conquest of Babylon....